Read e. Books online | World Heritage Encyclopedia. KeralaകേരളംState of India. A houseboat near Alappuzha, Kerala. Nickname(s): God's Own Country. Location of Kerala (marked in red) in India. Map of Kerala. Coordinates (Thiruvananthapuram). Country. India. Region. South India. Established. Jul 1. 94. 9. Renamed. Nov 1. 95. 6. Capital city. Thiruvananthapuram. Other major cities. Kochi (Largest City) & Greater Cochin (Metropolitan Region), Kozhikode, Kollam and Thrissur. Districts. 14. Government. Body. Government of Kerala. Governor. P. Sathasivam[1]. Chief Minister. Oommen Chandy (INC). Legislature. Unicameral (1. Parliamentary constituency. High Court. Kerala High Court. Kochi. • Total. 3. Area rank. Highest elevation. Lowest elevation. Population (2. 01. Total. 3. 3,3. 87,6. Kerala (/ ˈ k ɛ r ə l ə /), historically known as Keralam, is an Indian state in South India on the Malabar Coast. It was formed on 1 November 1956 following the. While redesigning Mathrubhumi Daily. techno), Infobubble, Inhumanity (2014), I-House Edition (2014. also a 16-weight newspaper version, Miller Daily. Francis won several awards including Kerala Lalithkala Academy award for National Award for newspaper. he joined at the Mathrubhumi daily. Paris Viswanathan. Edition age. This, because he chose to stand with a nationalist party! Left. Daily, Organiser. The Untold Stories of Sacrifice in Kerala Aahuti - The Untold. Malayalam News, Latest Malayalam News,English news, Latest English news,kerala english news, Kerala News, Deepika, news India, daily newspaper. Kerala (/ ˈ k ɛ r ə l ə /), historically known as Keralam, is a state in South India on the Malabar coast. It was formed on 1 November 1956 following the States. ![]() Rank. • Density. 8. Demonym. Keralite, Malayali. Time zone. IST (UTC+0. ISO 3. 16. 6 code. IN- KLHDI 0. 7. 90[3] (high). HDI rank. 1st (2. Literacy. 9. 3. 9. Estimate). Official languages. Malayalam, English. Website. kerala. gov. Kerala (), often referred to as Keralam,[4] is a Malayalam- speaking regions. Spread over 3. 8,8. Karnataka to the north and north east, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 3. 3,3. 87,6. Kerala is the twelfth largest state by population and is divided into 1. Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The region was a prominent spice exporter from 3. BCE to 3rd century. The Chera Dynasty was the first powerful kingdom based in Kerala, though it frequently struggled against attacks from the neighbouring Cholas and Pandyas. During the Chera period, Kerala remained an international spice trading center. Later, in the 1. 5th century, the lucrative spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala, and eventually paved the way for the European colonisation of India. After independence, Travancore and Cochin joined the Republic of India and Travancore- Cochin was given the status of a state. Later, the state was formed in 1. Malabar district, Travancore- Cochin (excluding four southern taluks), and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara. Kerala is the state with the lowest positive population growth rate in India (3. The state has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) (0. Human Development Report 2. It also has the highest literacy rate 9. Almost 7. 7 years) and the highest sex ratio (as defined by number of women per 1. Indian states. Kerala has the lowest homicide rate among Indian states, for 2. A survey in 2. 00. Transparency International ranked it as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala has witnessed significant emigration of its people, especially to the Gulf states during the Gulf Boom during the 1. Malayali expatriate community. Hinduism is practised by more than half of the population, followed by Islam and Christianity. The culture of the state traces its roots from 3rd century CE. It is a synthesis of Aryan and Dravidian cultures, developed over centuries under influences from other parts of India and abroad. Production of pepper and natural rubber contributes to a significant portion of the total national output. In the agricultural sector, coconut, tea, coffee, cashew and spices are important. The state's coastline extends for 5. The state's 1. 45,7. Indian roadways. There are three existing and two proposed international airports. Waterways are also used for transportation. The state has the highest media exposure in India with newspapers publishing in nine different languages; mainly English and Malayalam. Kerala is an important tourist destination, with backwaters, beaches, Ayurvedic tourism, and tropical greenery among its major attractions. Contents. Etymology. Ancient religious texts. History. 2Pre- history. Ancient period. 2. Early medieval period. Colonial era. 2. 4. Post colonial period. Geography. 3Flora and fauna. Subdivisions. 5Government and administration. Economy. 7Agriculture. Fisheries. 7. 2. Transport. Roads. 8. 1. Railways. Airports. 8. 3. Inland water transport. Demographics. 9Religion. Gender. 9. 2. Human Development Index. Education. 10. Culture. Onam. 11. 1. Temple Festivals. Dance. 11. 3. Music. Cinema. 11. 5. Literature. Cuisine. 11. 7. Elephants. Media. 12. Sports. Tourism. 14. See also. References. 16. External links. Etymology. A 3rd- century BCE rock inscription by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka the Great refers to the local ruler as Keralaputra (Sanskrit for "son of Kerala"; or "son of Chera[s]", this is contradictory to a popular theory that etymology derives "kerala" from "kera", or coconut tree in Malayalam).[6]. Two thousand years ago, one of three states in the region was called Cheralam in Classical Tamil: Chera and Kera are variants of the same word.[7] The Graeco- Roman trade map Periplus Maris Erythraei refers to this Keralaputra as Celobotra.[8] Ralston Marr derives "Kerala" from the word "Cheral" that refers to the oldest known dynasty of Kerala kings.[9] In turn the word "Cheral" is derived from the proto- Tamil- Malayalam word for "lake". Ancient religious texts. Parasurama, surrounded by settlers, commanding Varuna to part the seas and reveal Kerala. According to Hindu mythology, the lands of Kerala were recovered from the sea by the axe- wielding warrior sage Parasurama, 6th avatar of Vishnu, hence Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram ("The Land of Parasurama"). Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached. According to legend, this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari.[1. Consensus among scientific geographers agrees that a substantial portion of this area was under the sea in ancient times.[1. The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation so Parasurama invoked the Snake King Vasuki, who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land. The legend later expanded, and found literary expression in the 1. Keralolpathi, which traces the origin of aspects of early Kerala society, such as land tenure and administration, to the story of Parasurama.[1. In medieval times Kuttuvan may have emulated the Parasurama tradition by throwing his spear into the sea to symbolize his lordship over it.[1. Another much earlier Puranic character associated with Kerala is Mahabali, an Asura and a prototypical king of justice, who ruled the earth from Kerala. He won the war against the Devas, driving them into exile. The Devas pleaded before Lord Vishnu, who took his fifth incarnation as Vamana and pushed Mahabali down to Patala (the netherworld) to placate the Devas. There is a belief that, once a year during the Onam festival, Mahabali returns to Kerala.[1. The Matsya Purana, which is among the oldest of the 1. Puranas,[1. 5][1. Malaya Mountains of Kerala (and Tamil Nadu) as the setting for the story of Lord Matsya, the first incarnation of Lord Vishnu, and King Manu, the first man and the king of the region.[1. The earliest Sanskrit text to mention Kerala by name is the Aitareya Aranyaka of the Rigveda. It is also mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the two great Hindu epics.[1. History. Pre- history. Prehistorical archaeological findings include dolmens of the Neolithic era in the Marayur area in Idukki district. They are locally known as "muniyara", derived from muni (hermit or sage) and ara (dolmen).[2. Rock engravings in the Edakkal Caves (in Wayanad) are thought to date from the early to late Neolithic eras around 6. BCE.[2. 1][2. 2] Archaeological studies have identified many Mesolithic, Neolithic and Megalithic sites in Kerala.[2. The studies point to the indigenous development of the ancient Kerala society and its culture beginning from the Paleolithic age, and its continuity through Mesolithic, Neolithic and Megalithic ages.[2. However, foreign cultural contacts have assisted this cultural formation.[2.
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